The general impression the Western writers got about SOMA is that it is based on the juice extracted from the stalks or stems of a specific plant.
Many scholars, including Harry Falk, identify it as a species of Ephedra (specifically Cynanchum acidum or Ephedra gerardiana), which is a succulent-like bush with no leaves, fruits, or flowers.
Interestingly, many Indian people followed this concept, which is one of the most mis-understood concepts Rig Veda.
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If we consider the concept of SOMA in spiritual terms, then we can get a different idea.
According to Rig Vedic concepts, narrated in esoteric sense, the SOMA indicates the DIVINE ECSTASY, attained at the culmination of spiritual practice.
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Consider Rig Veda Rig Veda 3.43.5, which states that after consuming SOMA, one becomes a ṛṣi and possessor of DIVINE IMPERISHABLE WEALTH - vasvo amṛtasya.
कुविन्मा गोपां करसे जनस्य कुविद्राजानं मघवन्नृजीषिन् । कुविन्म ऋषिं पपिवांसं सुतस्य कुविन्मे वस्वो अमृतस्य शिक्षाः ॥
kuvin mā gopāṃ karase janasya kuvid rājānam maghavann ṛjīṣin | kuvin ma ṛṣim papivāṃsaṃ sutasya kuvin me vasvo amṛtasya śikṣāḥ ||English translation:
Will you indeed make me your herdsman of the people; will you indeed (make me) king, you bounteous possessor of the silvery drink? Will you indeed (make) me a ṛṣi (seer), (for) I have drunk of the pressed drink (SOMA); will you indeed do your best for IMPERISHABLE WEALTH for me?
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IF one ponders over as to how a drink made from a plant can make one a ṛṣi (seer), then one will understand the concept of SOMA clearly.
Only a DIVINE BLISS will make one a ṛṣi (seer).
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