There are numerous translations and interpretations of the text.
Nasadiya Sukta begins with the statement: "Then, there was neither existence, nor non-existence." It ponders when, why, and through whom the universe came into being in a contemplative tone, and provides no definite answers. Rather, it concludes that the gods too may not know, as they came after creation, and that even the surveyor of that which has been created, in the highest heaven may or may not know.
The following is my understanding.
a) The Hiraṇyagarbha Sūktam (Rig Veda 10.121) comes first in the 10th Mandala and Nāsadīya Sūktam (Rig Veda 10.129) later, separated by 7 suktas (10.122 to 128).
They should have been placed in Reverse order in the Rig Veda,ie., Nāsadīya Sūktam first and followed by Hiraṇyagarbha Sūktam, as it appeared to me - the questions raised in Nāsadīya Sūktam were answered in Hiraṇyagarbha Sūktam.
b) Furthermore, the narration in Rig Veda 10.121.7 - āpo ha yad bṛhatīr viśvam āyan garbhaṃ dadhānā janayantīr agnim | tato devānāṃ sam avartatāsur ekaḥ - is presenting a micro and macro level pictures, ie., appearing of DIVINE spark in a spiritual practitioner ( in spiritual dimension) and Big Bang aspect (physical dimension), if we consider the term āpah as all pervading DIVINE energy, instead of waters, a generally thought of.
-----Rig Veda 10.129.1 (Question)
नास॑दासी॒न्नो सदा॑सीत्त॒दानीं॒ नासी॒द्रजो॒ नो व्यो॑मा प॒रो यत् । किमाव॑रीव॒: कुह॒ कस्य॒ शर्म॒न्नम्भ॒: किमा॑सी॒द्गह॑नं गभी॒रम् ॥
English translation:
The non-existent did not exist, nor did the existent exist at that time. There existed neither the airy space nor heaven beyond. What moved back and forth? From where and in whose protection? Did water exist, a deep depth?
Rig Veda 10.121.1 (Answer)
हि॒र॒ण्य॒ग॒र्भः सम॑वर्त॒ताग्रे॑ भू॒तस्य॑ जा॒तः पति॒रेक॑ आसीत् । स दा॑धार पृथि॒वीं द्यामु॒तेमां कस्मै॑ दे॒वाय॑ ह॒विषा॑ विधेम ॥
English translation:
“BRAHMAN, the imperishable matter, was present at the beginning; when born, he was the sole lord of created beings; he upheld this earth and heaven-- let us offer worship with an oblation to the divine Ka.”
Rig Veda 10.129.2 (Question)
न मृ॒त्युरा॑सीद॒मृतं॒ न तर्हि॒ न रात्र्या॒ अह्न॑ आसीत्प्रके॒तः । आनी॑दवा॒तं स्व॒धया॒ तदेकं॒ तस्मा॑द्धा॒न्यन्न प॒रः किं च॒नास॑ ॥
English translation:
Death did not exist nor deathlessness then. There existed no sign of night nor of day. That One breathed without wind by its independent will. There existed nothing else beyond that.
Rig Veda 10.121.2 (Answer)
य आ॑त्म॒दा ब॑ल॒दा यस्य॒ विश्व॑ उ॒पास॑ते प्र॒शिषं॒ यस्य॑ दे॒वाः । यस्य॑ छा॒यामृतं॒ यस्य॑ मृ॒त्युः कस्मै॑ दे॒वाय॑ ह॒विषा॑ विधेम ॥
English translation:
“(To him) who is the giver of soul, the giver of strength, whose commands all (beings), even the gods obey, whose shadow is Deathlessness, whose (shadow) is Death-- let us offer worship with an oblation to the divine Ka.”
Rig Veda 10.121.3 (Answer)
यः प्रा॑ण॒तो नि॑मिष॒तो म॑हि॒त्वैक॒ इद्राजा॒ जग॑तो ब॒भूव॑ । य ईशे॑ अ॒स्य द्वि॒पद॒श्चतु॑ष्पद॒: कस्मै॑ दे॒वाय॑ ह॒विषा॑ विधेम ॥
English translation:
“(To him) who, by his greatness, has verily become the sole king of all that lives and breathes, who rules over this aggregate of two-footed and four- footed beings -- let us offer worship with an oblation to the divine Ka.”
Rig Veda 10.129.3 (Question)
तम॑ आसी॒त्तम॑सा गू॒ळ्हमग्रे॑ऽप्रके॒तं स॑लि॒लं सर्व॑मा इ॒दम् । तु॒च्छ्येना॒भ्वपि॑हितं॒ यदासी॒त्तप॑स॒स्तन्म॑हि॒नाजा॑य॒तैक॑म् ॥
English translation:
Darkness existed, hidden by darkness, in the beginning. All this was a signless ocean. What existed as a thing coming into being, concealed by emptiness—that One was born by the power of heat.”
Rig Veda 10.121.10 (Answer)
प्रजा॑पते॒ न त्वदे॒तान्य॒न्यो विश्वा॑ जा॒तानि॒ परि॒ ता ब॑भूव । यत्का॑मास्ते जुहु॒मस्तन्नो॑ अस्तु व॒यं स्या॑म॒ पत॑यो रयी॒णाम् ॥
English translation:
“No other than you, Prajāpati, has given existence to all these beings; whatever prayer we offer to you, may that be granted to us, may we be the possessors of riches (delights).”
Rig Veda 10.129.4 (Question)
काम॒स्तदग्रे॒ सम॑वर्त॒ताधि॒ मन॑सो॒ रेत॑: प्रथ॒मं यदासी॑त् । स॒तो बन्धु॒मस॑ति॒ निर॑विन्दन्हृ॒दि प्र॒तीष्या॑ क॒वयो॑ मनी॒षा ॥
English translation:
Then, in the beginning, from thought there evolved desire, which existed as the primal semen. Searching in their hearts through inspired thought, poets found the connection of the existent in the non-existent.”
Rig Veda 10.121.7 (Answer)
आपो॑
ह॒ यद्बृ॑ह॒तीर्विश्व॒माय॒न्गर्भं॒ दधा॑ना ज॒नय॑न्तीर॒ग्निम् । ततो॑
दे॒वानां॒ सम॑वर्त॒तासु॒रेक॒: कस्मै॑ दे॒वाय॑ ह॒विषा॑ विधेम ॥
English translation:
“When the vast waters overspread the universe containing the germ and giving birth to Agni, then was produced the one breath of the gods -- let us offer worship with an oblation to the divine Ka.”
Rig Veda 10.129.5 (Question)
ति॒र॒श्चीनो॒
वित॑तो र॒श्मिरे॑षाम॒धः स्वि॑दा॒सी३दु॒परि॑ स्विदासी३त् । रे॒तो॒धा
आ॑सन्महि॒मान॑ आसन्त्स्व॒धा अ॒वस्ता॒त्प्रय॑तिः प॒रस्ता॑त् ॥
English translation:
“Their cord was stretched across: Did something exist below it? Did something exist above? There existed placers of semen and there existed greatnesses. There was independent will below, offering above.”
Rig Veda 10.121.4 (Answer)
यस्ये॒मे हि॒मव॑न्तो महि॒त्वा यस्य॑ समु॒द्रं र॒सया॑ स॒हाहुः । यस्ये॒माः प्र॒दिशो॒ यस्य॑ बा॒हू कस्मै॑ दे॒वाय॑ ह॒विषा॑ विधेम ॥
English translation:
“Through whose greatness these snow-clad (mountains exist), whose property men call the ocean with the rivers, whose are all these spaces, extended as his arms -- let us offer worship with an oblation to the divine Ka.”
Rig Veda 10.121.5 (Answer)
येन॒
द्यौरु॒ग्रा पृ॑थि॒वी च॑ दृ॒ळ्हा येन॒ स्व॑ स्तभि॒तं येन॒ नाक॑: । यो
अ॒न्तरि॑क्षे॒ रज॑सो वि॒मान॒: कस्मै॑ दे॒वाय॑ ह॒विषा॑ विधेम ॥
English translation:
“By whom the heavens are high and the earth firm, by the world of light is steadied and the world of Bliss beyond, who was the measure of the water in the firmament -- let us offer worship with an oblation to the divine Ka.”
Rig Veda 10.121.6 (Answer)
यं क्रन्द॑सी॒ अव॑सा तस्तभा॒ने अ॒भ्यैक्षे॑तां॒ मन॑सा॒ रेज॑माने । यत्राधि॒ सूर॒ उदि॑तो वि॒भाति॒ कस्मै॑ दे॒वाय॑ ह॒विषा॑ विधेम ॥
English translation:
“Whom heaven and earth established by his protection, and gaze at Him with their luminous mind, in whom the risen sun shines forth -- let us offer worship with an oblation to the divine Ka.”
Rig Veda 10.129.6 (Question)
को अ॒द्धा वे॑द॒ क इ॒ह प्र वो॑च॒त्कुत॒ आजा॑ता॒ कुत॑ इ॒यं विसृ॑ष्टिः । अ॒र्वाग्दे॒वा अ॒स्य वि॒सर्ज॑ने॒नाथा॒ को वे॑द॒ यत॑ आब॒भूव॑ ॥
English translation:
“Who really knows? Who shall here proclaim it?—from where was it born, from where this creation? The gods are on this side of the creation of this (world). So then who does know from where it came to be?”
Rig Veda 10.121.8 (Answer)
यश्चि॒दापो॑ महि॒ना प॒र्यप॑श्य॒द्दक्षं॒ दधा॑ना ज॒नय॑न्तीर्य॒ज्ञम् । यो दे॒वेष्वधि॑ दे॒व एक॒ आसी॒त्कस्मै॑ दे॒वाय॑ ह॒विषा॑ विधेम ॥
English translation:
“He who by his might beheld the waters all around containing the creative power and giving birth to sacrifice, he who among the gods was the one supreme god -- let us offer worship with an oblation to the divine Ka.”
Rig Veda 10.129.7 (Question)
इ॒यं विसृ॑ष्टि॒र्यत॑ आब॒भूव॒ यदि॑ वा द॒धे यदि॑ वा॒ न । यो अ॒स्याध्य॑क्षः पर॒मे व्यो॑म॒न्त्सो अ॒ङ्ग वे॑द॒ यदि॑ वा॒ न वेद॑ ॥
English translation:
“This creation—from where it came to be, if it was produced or if not—he who is the overseer of this (world) in the furthest heaven, he surely knows. Or if he does not know . . . ?”
Rig Veda 10.121.9 (Answer)
मा
नो॑ हिंसीज्जनि॒ता यः पृ॑थि॒व्या यो वा॒ दिवं॑ स॒त्यध॑र्मा ज॒जान॑ ।
यश्चा॒पश्च॒न्द्रा बृ॑ह॒तीर्ज॒जान॒ कस्मै॑ दे॒वाय॑ ह॒विषा॑ विधेम ॥
English translation:
“May he do us no harm who is the parent of the earth, or who the Lord of Truth who brought forth the heaven, and who brought forth the delightful wide Waters -- let us offer worship with an oblation to the divine Ka.”
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